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Consultancy - Addressing the Intersection of Climate, Conflict and Gender Equality in the Turkana-Omo Borderlands (Project Number: 2878-03/2023)

About this opportunity

International Alert (Kenya and Horn of Africa) in partnership with Turkana Pastoralists Development Organization (TUPADO) and the Ethiopian Institute of Peace in Ethiopia (EIP) is implementing the project “*Addressing the intersection of climate, conflict and gender equality in the Turkana-Omo borderlands.”* The project funded by the Austrian Development Agency (ADA) began implementation in August 2024 and will end in March 2027.

The project seeks to strengthen gender-inclusive local institutions and governance mechanisms capable of effectively managing transboundary conflicts linked to climate risks. It does this through a combination of community engagement, institutional strengthening, women's leadership promotion, cross-border dialogue, and policy influencing. These integrated approaches are designed to strengthen trust, foster collaboration across borders, enhance local ownership of conflict management processes, and support evidence-based policy influence at county, national, and regional levels.

**Context and Background**

**General Background**
In the Horn of Africa, protracted conflicts over natural resources, especially water and pasture
in the dryland borderlands are exacerbated by climate shocks disproportionately affecting the
politically and economically marginalised pastoralist communities. The Turkana-Omo
transboundary area between northwestern Kenya (Turkana County) and southern Ethiopia
(South Omo zone) are characterized by recurrent drought and floods, weak governance
systems, and deep-seated gender inequalities which drive escalating resource-based
tensions among the Turkana, Dassanech and Nyangatom communities.

Declining fish stocks, combined with rising lake levels that displace landing sites and
communities intensify competition for water and fisheries. Cross-border cattle raiding has
become increasingly commercialised and violent, and authorities are often unable to halt
attacks or recover stolen livestock. These overlapping pressures erode livelihoods, food
security and social cohesion in the borderlands.

Conflict and climate impacts are deeply gendered. Women face heightened vulnerability
during raids and displacement, bear the burden of rebuilding homesteads, and turn to diverse
income generating activities after livestock losses. Harmful masculinities link cattle raiding to
rites of passage, manhood and bride price obligations. Despite their frontline roles, women
are systematically excluded from male-dominated peacebuilding and climate adaptation
mechanisms. The project operates in two transboundary corridors linking these communities,
seeking to address the interconnected drivers of conflict, climate vulnerability and gender
inequality.

**Background to the Project**
International Alert in partnership with Turkana Pastoralists Development Organization (TUPADO) and the Ethiopian Institute of Peace in Ethiopia (EIP) is implementing the project “Addressing the intersection of climate, conflict and gender equality in the Turkana-Omo borderlands.” The project funded by the Austrian Development Agency (ADA) began implementation in August 2024 and will end in March 2027.
The project seeks to strengthen gender-inclusive local institutions and governance mechanisms capable of effectively managing transboundary conflicts linked to climate risks. It does this through a combination of community engagement, institutional strengthening, women's leadership promotion, cross-border dialogue, and policy influencing. These integrated approaches are designed to strengthen trust, foster collaboration across borders, enhance local ownership of conflict management processes, and support evidence-based policy influence at county, national, and regional levels.

The overall goal of the intervention is to reduce conflicts exacerbated by climate change and climatic shocks in the borderlands of the Horn of Africa through gender-responsive peacebuilding.
The intended outcome is “Strengthened gender-inclusive formal and non-formal structures and actions to effectively manage transboundary conflict linked to climate risks affecting communities in the Omo-Turkana border area of Kenya and Ethiopia”
To achieve this outcome, the intervention is structured around four output areas:

• **Output 1** – Women, youth and other vulnerable groups are empowered to meaningfully participate in cross-border conflict management and climate adaptation formal and informal institutions
• **Output 2** – Well coordinated Communities and local institutions structures established and capacities to manage conflict issues driven by climate change enhanced
• **Output 3** – Local governance actors (formal and informal) empowered and coordinated to manage transboundary conflict and climatic shocks in a gender sensitive way
• **Output 4** – Policymakers at the national and regional level (including government, multilaterals, and civil society) are integrating learning on the intersection of conflict, gender equality and climate action into policies and programmes.
Implementation is guided by several cross-cutting themes, namely gender equality and women’s empowerment, youth inclusion, conflict sensitivity, climate adaptation and resilience, social inclusion, and cross-border cooperation.

**Evaluation Purpose and Objectives**

**Purpose of the Final Evaluation**
The purpose of this Final Evaluation is to provide an independent and evidence-based assessment of the project’s achievements and contribution to strengthening climate-resilient and gender-responsive peacebuilding systems in the Kenya-Ethiopia borderlands. The evaluation will support accountability to stakeholders and document challenges and lessons learned during implementation. It will provide practical recommendations to inform future programming at the intersection of climate change, conflict prevention, peacebuilding, and gender equality.

**Objectives of the Final Evaluation**
1.Assess the **effectiveness** of project interventions in achieving intended outcomes and contributing to immediate impacts at community, institutional, and policy levels.
2\. Evaluate the **coherence** of project interventions with existing policies, institutions, and complementary initiatives operating at local, national, and regional levels.
3\. Assess the **sustainability** of capacities, institutions, partnerships, and outcomes supported by the project.
4\. Generate **lessons learned**, good practices, and provide **actionable recommendations** for future gender-responsive, climate-security and peacebuilding programming.

**Intended Users and Use of the Evaluation**
The primary users of the evaluation findings will be the Austrian Development Agency (ADA), International Alert, the Turkana Pastoralists Development Organization (TUPADO), and the Ethiopian Institute of Peace (EIP).

The evaluation findings will be used to assess project performance, support accountability requirements, strengthen organizational learning, and inform future programming on climate change, conflict prevention, peacebuilding, and gender equality.
Secondary users of the evaluation findings will include county and regional government authorities in Kenya and Ethiopia, relevant national government institutions, IGAD and other regional actors, community peace and natural resource governance structures, climate adaptation actors, civil society organizations, development partners, and practitioners working on climate security, peacebuilding, governance, and gender equality. The findings will provide evidence and lessons learned to support policy dialogue, programme design, and future interventions in the Turkana-Omo borderlands and similar contexts.

**Scope of the Evaluation**
The evaluation will cover all project components and the entire project implementation period from August 2024 to end of data collection. The evaluation will be undertaken remotely and in Kenya and Ethiopia, covering selec

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